Air Pollution Foundation First technical progress report
p. 1
Share
p. 2
Share
p. 3
Share
p. 4
Share
p. 5
Share
Acknowledgments include: Vance N. Jenkins for the Smoke and Fumes Committee of the American Petroleum Institute. Listed among those who "have given unsparingly of their time and knowledge."
Acknowledgments include: Vance N. Jenkins for the Smoke and Fumes Committee of the American Petroleum Institute. Listed among those who "have given unsparingly of their time and knowledge."
FOREWORD by Lauren B. Hitchcock
FOREWORD by Lauren B. Hitchcock
p. 6
Share
p. 7
Share
p. 8
Share
p. 9
Share
p. 10
Share
p. 11
Share
This Foundation ... is committed to the prompt publication of its findings and recommendations, so that the efforts of all groups and individuals may be coordinated properly, so that the public may be informed, so that government may in its discretion implement such findings and recommendations through enforcement and control measures.
This Foundation ... is committed to the prompt publication of its findings and recommendations, so that the efforts of all groups and individuals may be coordinated properly, so that the public may be informed, so that government may in its discretion implement such findings and recommendations through enforcement and control measures.
p. 12
Share
p. 13
Share
p. 14
Share
p. 15
Share
p. 16
Share
p. 17
Share
p. 18
Share
p. 19
Share
p. 20
Share
p. 21
Share
p. 22
Share
p. 23
Share
p. 24
Share
p. 25
Share
p. 26
Share
p. 27
Share
p. 28
Share
p. 29
Share
p. 30
Share
p. 31
Share
p. 32
Share
p. 33
Share
p. 34
Share
p. 35
Share
p. 36
Share
p. 37
Share
p. 38
Share
p. 39
Share
p. 40
Share
p. 41
Share
p. 42
Share
p. 43
Share
p. 44
Share
p. 45
Share
p. 46
Share
p. 47
Share
p. 48
Share
p. 49
Share
p. 50
Share
p. 51
Share
p. 52
Share
p. 53
Share
p. 54
Share
p. 55
Share
p. 56
Share
p. 57
Share
p. 58
Share
p. 59
Share
p. 60
Share
p. 61
Share
p. 62
Share
p. 63
Share
p. 64
Share
p. 65
Share
p. 66
Share
p. 67
Share
p. 68
Share
p. 69
Share
p. 70
Share
p. 71
Share
p. 72
Share
p. 73
Share
p. 74
Share
REFINERY EMISSIONS
REFINERY EMISSIONS
Similarly, olefin losses of amylenes and heavier were audited to be 16.4 tons per day, which compares with the 12.2 tons per day reported by the Association.
Similarly, olefin losses of amylenes and heavier were audited to be 16.4 tons per day, which compares with the 12.2 tons per day reported by the Association.
in preparation as Report No.5 of the Air Pollution Foundation.
in preparation as Report No.5 of the Air Pollution Foundation.
Sources of emissions from LA County's oil refineries
Sources of emissions from LA County's oil refineries
In order to obtain an independent audit of the daily hydrocarbon losses from refinery operations, the Foundation commissioned Southwest Research Institute to make the necessary investigations. As of March 1954 total hydrocarbon emission to the atmosphere in Los Angeles county was found to be 251 tons per day; this compares with the figure of 224 tons per day reported by the Western Oil and Gas Association.
In order to obtain an independent audit of the daily hydrocarbon losses from refinery operations, the Foundation commissioned Southwest Research Institute to make the necessary investigations. As of March 1954 total hydrocarbon emission to the atmosphere in Los Angeles county was found to be 251 tons per day; this compares with the figure of 224 tons per day reported by the Western Oil and Gas Association.
p. 75
Share
The single largest item at present is the loss from gasoline stored in floating roof tanks, which are acceptable under Rule 45. The next largest item is the vapor loss from crude oil stored in cone roof tanks.
The single largest item at present is the loss from gasoline stored in floating roof tanks, which are acceptable under Rule 45. The next largest item is the vapor loss from crude oil stored in cone roof tanks.
p. 76
Share
p. 77
Share
p. 78
Share
p. 79
Share
p. 80
Share
p. 81
Share
p. 82
Share
The possible consequences of a changing concentration of the CO2 in the atmosphere with reference to climate, rates of photosynthesis, and rates of equilibration with carbonate of the oceans may ultimately prove of considerable significance to civilization.
The possible consequences of a changing concentration of the CO2 in the atmosphere with reference to climate, rates of photosynthesis, and rates of equilibration with carbonate of the oceans may ultimately prove of considerable significance to civilization.
Future Plans: It is planned to obtain samples of CO2 as well as other carbon-bearing compounds and analyze them in the mass spectrometer. By the analysis of about one thousand samples definite information might be obtained on the feasibility of the following applications for this technique:
Future Plans: It is planned to obtain samples of CO2 as well as other carbon-bearing compounds and analyze them in the mass spectrometer. By the analysis of about one thousand samples definite information might be obtained on the feasibility of the following applications for this technique:
Status: A research grant was made to Caltech by the Air Pollution Foundation on December 1, 1954.
Status: A research grant was made to Caltech by the Air Pollution Foundation on December 1, 1954.
One of the more interesting results obtained is a consistent increase of the C13 content in recent years. Since 1840, the carbon-isotope ratio (C12/C13) has increased in the trees so far investigated. This can be explained on the basis of a change in the carbon ratio in CO2 atmosphere resulting from the burning of the C12 enriched coal and petroleum.
One of the more interesting results obtained is a consistent increase of the C13 content in recent years. Since 1840, the carbon-isotope ratio (C12/C13) has increased in the trees so far investigated. This can be explained on the basis of a change in the carbon ratio in CO2 atmosphere resulting from the burning of the C12 enriched coal and petroleum.
p. 83
Share
(2) A method for tracing the flow of air masses over the Basin using CO2 as the tracer gas. (3) A method for arriving at an index of pollution by studying the change in isotopic composition of CO2. (4) A method for studying mixing rates of gaseous pollutants in the atmosphere by measuring the isotopic composition of CO2 throughout the mixing volume and as a function of time.
(2) A method for tracing the flow of air masses over the Basin using CO2 as the tracer gas. (3) A method for arriving at an index of pollution by studying the change in isotopic composition of CO2. (4) A method for studying mixing rates of gaseous pollutants in the atmosphere by measuring the isotopic composition of CO2 throughout the mixing volume and as a function of time.
(1) A method for determining the sources of the carbonaceous material in samples of the atmosphere.
(1) A method for determining the sources of the carbonaceous material in samples of the atmosphere.
p. 84
Share
p. 85
Share
p. 86
Share
p. 87
Share
p. 88
Share
Heavy industrial areas and oil refineries have been blamed as well as exhaust gases from automobiles. The purpose of the study would be to localize the sources of smog, if local sources are responsible.
Heavy industrial areas and oil refineries have been blamed as well as exhaust gases from automobiles. The purpose of the study would be to localize the sources of smog, if local sources are responsible.
p. 89
Share
p. 90
Share
p. 91
Share
p. 92
Share
William C. Mullendore, Chairman of the Board, Southern California Edison Company
William C. Mullendore, Chairman of the Board, Southern California Edison Company
Charles F. Kettering, V-P and Research Consultatnt, General Motors Research Laboratories
Charles F. Kettering, V-P and Research Consultatnt, General Motors Research Laboratories
Reese H. Taylor, President, Union Oil Company of California (now Chevron)
Reese H. Taylor, President, Union Oil Company of California (now Chevron)
F. M. Banks, President, Southern California Gas Company
F. M. Banks, President, Southern California Gas Company
Air Pollution Foundation Board of Trustees
Air Pollution Foundation Board of Trustees