The E.P.A.'s Top 10: Toxic Chemicals and How They are Used

p. 1

Asbestos (p. 1)

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Asbestos has not been manufactured in the United States since 2002, but it is still found in certain vehicle braking systems, asphalt roof coatings and gaskets. Asbestos is also commonly used by chlorine manufacturers.

p. 42

1-Bromopropane (p. 42)

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1-bromopropane is used as a refrigerant, a lubricant, a degreaser and a solvent in spray adhesives and dry cleaning. Its use in agricultural chemical manufacturing and foam-cushion manufacturing has also been reported.

p. 64

Carbon Tetrachloride (p. 64)

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Carbon tetrachloride was once used in refrigeration fluids, aerosol propellants, pesticides, cleaning fluids, spot removers and degreasing agents. Most of those uses have been banned, but it is still has industrial applications, such as manufacturing petrochemicals.

p. 94

1,4- Dioxane (p. 94)

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1,4-dioxane is a flammable liquid with a variety of industrial applications, such as the manufacture of adhesives and sealants and other chemicals. It is used in paint strippers, dyes, greases, varnishes and waxes, and it can be found in antifreeze, aircraft de-icing fluids, deodorants, shampoos and cosmetics.

p. 128

Cyclic aliphatic bromide cluster is a group of chemicals found in flame retardants, plastic additives and certain polystyrene foams used in the construction industry for thermal insulation boards. Several companies are already planning to phase out use of this chemical, based on safety concerns.

p. 161

Methylene Chloride (p. 161)

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Methylene chloride is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and polyurethane foam manufacturing. It is also found in paint strippers, adhesives, metal cleaners and aerosol solvents. Many products are sold at home improvement stores. The E.P.A., just days before the end of the Obama administration, proposed banning its use as a paint stripper because of these hazards.

p. 244

N-Methylpyrrolidone (NMP) (p. 244)

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N-methylpyrrolidone is a solvent used in petrochemical processing. It can be found in plastics, paints, inks, enamels, electronics, industrial and consumer cleaning products and arts and crafts materials.

p. 313

Perchloroethylene (p. 313)

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Perchloroethylene, also known as perc, is a solvent widely used in dry-cleaning chemicals, automotive-care products, cleaning and furniture-care products, lubricants and greases, adhesives and sealants and paints and coatings.

p. 359

Pigment Violet 29 (p. 359)

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Pigment Violet 29 is used in watercolors, acrylic paints, automotive paints, inks for printing and packaging, cleaning and washing agents, pharmaceuticals, solar cells, paper, sporting goods and industrial carpeting.

p. 383

Trichloroethylene (TCE) (p. 383)

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Trichloroethylene, also known as TCE, is used to make a refrigerant chemical and remove grease from metal parts. It is also a spotting agent for dry cleaning and can be found in consumer products. The E.P.A., in the final days of the Obama administration, proposed a ban on the chemical’s use in dry cleaning spot removers and aerosol degreasers.

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